Manufacturing & Engineering Professionals
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Activity:
Question posted: 03 07 2009 07:39:51 +0000,
2 answers, 9876 views, last activity
07 06 2010 20:18:08 +0000
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Heating below lower critical temperature in tempering and above upper critical temperature in annealing and normalizing is alright. All three relieve stresses from material but how to finalize that which one is adequate?
Process Annealing is used to treat work-hardened parts made out of low-Carbon steels (< 0.25% Carbon). This allows the parts to be soft enough to undergo further cold working without fracturing.
Normalizing is the process of raising the temperature to over 60 º C (108 ºF), above line A3 or line ACM fully into the Austenite range. It is held at this temperature to fully convert the structure into Austenite, and then removed form the furnace and cooled at room temperature under natural convection.
Tempering is a heat treatment technique for metals, alloys and glass. In steels, tempering is done to "toughen" the metal by transforming brittle martensite into bainite or a combination of ferrite and cementite. Tempering is accomplished by a controlled reheating of the work piece to a temperature below its lower critical temperature.
hope your question is answered.
Tempering is generally done to control the hardness achieved after hardening process. This generates tempered martensite and slightly lowers the hardness value. Normalising is a grain refining process wherein the fine grain structure is obtained by the rate of cooling & this adds strength to the steel. In annealing the grain size obtained is coarser than that of normailising & thereby annealing adds to the ductility of the steel.
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