What are the problem that India is currently facing?

Ardhendu Good Question.  Root of our problem is one of "TRUST DEFICIT"!  Inequity happens when we lose "Nationalism" and "Patriotism"!  Every Public Servant takes OATH in the name of GOD before taking over.  The moment the oath taking ceremony is over, they tend to forget what they promised.  

1) Who is at fault?  We would say, we the people are at fault.  The Constitution is "for people, by people and of people"!  Do we have a say in any of the national issues,other than exercising franchise once in five years.  Do we understand the struggle of a politician? A person aims to serve people wielding power, therefore he aims to be a politician.  Does he get ticket from the National Parties, if he desires so? No.  In spite of his carrying good hold in his constituency, he is denied ticket.  Here, comes the role of huge money as party fund in advance.  Hypothetically, if a person spends about Rs.10 cr to become an MP, and spends furthermore, say, another Rs.10 cr, to become a Minister, he would have invested Rs.20 cr to grab the Chair.  He considers that as an investment.  The moment he gets power, his uncertainty of continuing in the office for five years start due to various barriers that are created by the opposition, civil society organisations, RTI activists and media.  Do you think he would wait for five years to earn the money he spent in winning elections.  He would try and bring break-even within six months and the next six months he would do everything to double his investment, at least.  That's why he goes blind and use all probable methods to grab!

2) We have abundant natural resources.  We have minerals, perennial rivers.  What's our problem is they are disparate, i.e., scattered.  We have lakhs of hectares as wastelands.  

3) Our States are divided based on population.  UP was an unwieldy State due to population with major representation in parliament.   Some States have natural advantage and some not.  Who was responsible for them?  Many States have demographic advantage, and many have geographical advantage, and many states depend solely on their talents devoid of natural resources.  

4) The states having geographic advantage, viz., Punjab is appreciably doing well, year after year.  If we look at the planned allocation for the States, because their per capita income is much higher than the states with demographic advantage, their planned allocation is much higher!  If we look to raise the bar, we have to pick up the States which are at lowest rank, allocate more money, monitor the flow by a "national committee", make them accountable to the people of this country, and do not divert the funds directly to the State to administer.  In five years, we would bring them to a level playing field, if we properly govern them with clear-cut mandate!

5)  Four Pillars of Democracy concept has become "old fashioned"!  Involve "fifth pillar", the civil society to be the watch-dog for all the four pillars.  

6) Of late, the country has nurtured handful of "capitalists" as most of them have subscribed to the political interests of the people in the helm of affairs, cutting across party lines.  They are the ones who govern the policies of this government.  They are "behind the scene operators"!  People have no direct say on this issue.  

7) Almost 45% of elected representatives of this country are having tainted records.  Our CrPC is very strong in putting a "pick-pocket" behind the bars, but have no probable rules to put these representatives behind the bar.  If we look at the percentage of under-trials in prisons, many have been waiting for natural justice for years.  But they are allowed to perish amidst hard-core criminals who have been sentenced either life-imprisonment or those who are about to go into gallows!

The list is very huge, but solutions are very very limited given the nature of governance we have.  We need to look at every issue with a microscopic view, then we would find solution.